Deepfakes present significant ethical challenges, particularly in their ability to fabricate false realities that harm individuals and society. Romero Moreno (2024) highlights that the unchecked use of deepfake technology infringes on fundamental human rights, including privacy and dignity, as it allows individuals' likenesses to be manipulated without consent. This raises questions about accountability when such content causes reputational damage or incites harm. Kira (2024) emphasizes the ethical dilemma of using deepfakes for satire or artistic expression, which, while legal in some contexts, often disregards the emotional and social impact on victims. These ethical concerns necessitate the development of robust legal frameworks to regulate the creation and distribution of deepfake content.

The widespread use of deepfake technology has profound social consequences, particularly in its ability to exploit existing societal divisions. Sunkari and Srinagesh explain that deepfakes target vulnerable communities (2024), spreading false narratives that could cause conflicts. For instance, fabricated videos portraying violent acts can lead to real-world harm, such as protests or social stigmatization. Kira also highlights the disproportionate impact of deepfakes on marginalized groups (2024), who are more frequently targeted to counter these attacks. These social consequences highlight the urgent need for technological and educational interventions to minimize the spread and impact of deepfakes.

Deepfakes can cause profound psychological distress for individuals targeted by fabricated media. Kira notes that deepfake pornography negatively impacts women (2024), subjecting victims to harassment, shame, and trauma. These false representations can result in long-term emotional harm. Romero Moreno highlights the broader psychological toll of deepfakes (2024), as they dissolve trust in authentic communication and foster a climate of suspicion.